Bacterial cells - Questions and Answers: 1. What is bacteria? Bacteria prokaryotes and unicellular creatures. Bacteria are simple organization they represent external cell wall, plasma membrane, circular DNA in the cytoplasm and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Some bacteria are enclosed, i. ie, they have a polysaccharide capsule outside the cell wall. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 2. There are bacteria only prokaryotycheskyh beings? Prokaryotes being divided into two groups: archaea and bacteria (the latter also known as eubacteria). Compared with bacteria, archaea are fundamentally different, as the chemical composition of the plasma membrane and cell wall and various enzymes associated with DNA and RNA metabolism. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 3. What halophile, thermoacidophile and methanogen archaea? There are three distinctive types of archaea. Halophile archaea only survive in salt-rich environment (even the salinity of sea is not enough for them). Thermoacidophile characterized archaea that live at high temperatures and low pH. Methanogen archaea are those which release methane gas (CH4), they are in the swamps. 4. What are the ecological functions of bacteria? Bacteria are responsible for the decomposition process at the end of the food chain and food chains, and in the process, but also utile to release gases and nutrients for other living creatures. Bacteria that live in the digestive tract of ruminants, and certain insects digest cellulose for these animals. Some bacteria involved in cycling of nitrogen, making nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification, almost always in myutyuelistskoy ecological interactions with plants. Bacteria present in living beings, for example, some of whom live in the gut, compete with other pathogenic bacteria as control populations of harmful substances. There are also bacteria that cause disease and bacteria used in the manufacture of drugs. Excessive proliferation of mass destruction or bacteria can affect the entire ecosystem. For example, when the river is contaminated with organic matter aerobic bacteria population increases, as the organic material is food for them many bacteria, and then exhaust the dissolved oxygen and other aerobic creatures (fish) exposed to mass destruction. 5. What examples of human diseases caused by bacteria? Some human diseases caused by bacteria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, bubonic plague, leptospirosis, cholera, typhoid fever, the disease Hansen, trachoma, tetanus, anthrax. 6. What are the processes that use bacteria? Bacteria used in industry in different ways. Is the vaccine with weakened bacteria or antigens in bacteria. One of the oldest types of bacteria fermenting milk to produce yogurt, cheese and curd (before knowledge of the existence of bacteria, these bacteria are already used in the creation of these products). Some methods include production of antibiotics bacteria. Recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) provides industrial production and commercialization of human proteins like insulin for diabetics, synthesized mutant bacteria. Some bacteria can produce fuels like methane gas. 7. What are the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria cause disease? Why is knowledge important? Pathogenic bacteria possess characteristics known as virulence factors that help them parasite host. Some bacteria have fimbriy, cilia like structures that provide the bacterial cell in the tissue of the owner. There are bacteria that specialized in intracellular parasitism. Other bacteria produce toxins, molecules that cause disease, and in some cases, the bacterial population growth causes contamination of food from toxins. Typically, the bacterial disease caused by bacterial growth in population from invasion and destruction of tissue or bacterial toxins that pollute the body. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 8. In the environment they live bacteria? Bacteria can be found in various environments around the globe. There are bacteria in the air, in fresh water on the surface, in the intermediate depths and at the bottom of the sea, in the soil in our skin and in almost all terrestrial environments through which air circulates freely. Some bacteria can be found in volcanic craters at very high temperatures. 9. How bacteria classified in the production of organic materials for energy metabolism? Most bacteria heterotrophs, they do not produce their own food. There are also autotroph bacteria: chemosynthesis bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. Some photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria as do photosynthesis of plants, as done using water. Others, sulfur bacteria photosynthesis using hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and no water. 10. As bacteria are classified according to their need for oxygen? They need oxygen anaerobic bacteria are divided into (those that survive without oxygen) and aerobic (those that do not survive without oxygen). 11. What is meant by saying that obligate anaerobic bacteria? Obligate anaerobes are living beings who do not survive in the presence of oxygen. For example, the bacteria Clostridium tetanus, tetanus agent are obligate anaerobic. In superficial wounds, a Common use hydrogen peroxide to expose the anaerobic microorganisms to oxygen and kill them. 12. According to their morphology that bacteria classified? Bacteria represent different morphological model. Bacteria can be divided into cocci, bacilli, spirochetes and vibrio. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 13. What is the main component of bacterial cell wall? Bacterial cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 14. What are intracellular organelles present in bacteria? Given the typical eukaryotic organelles cells strattera prescription, heterotrophic bacterial ribosomes necessary for protein synthesis. 15. What are plasmids? What is the significance of plasmids for recombinant DNA technology? Plasmids circular pieces of DNA that are accessories to the main bacterial DNA. Plasmids are important for genetic engineering because the genes of other organisms, which are inserted in them for recombinant creatures, such as mutant bacteria. These bacteria are made, for example, to produce proteins utile for people on an industrial scale. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 16. As the bacteria multiply? Bacteria reproduce by dividing (scissiparity). Some bacteria, however, represent a kind of sexual reproduction (transformation, transduction or conjugation) of a combination of genetic material from different people. Bacterial Cell Review - Image Diversity: 17. How does sexual reproduction in bacteria? How different conditions of bacterial sexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction occurs when bacteria include genetic material of bacteria to another of the same species, inserted a fragment of genetic material becomes part of the second genetic bacteria. This reproduction can occur via transformation, transduction or conjugation. Click below to see questions other visitors to this page. .
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